![]() ![]() This entry reviews literature on optimism and provides an overview of the psychological mechanisms that make dispositional optimism an adaptive personal resource. Overall, the literature on dispositional optimism suggests that optimists live happier and healthier lives than pessimists. Other research, however, has examined optimistic and pessimistic outcome expectancies as separate, but related, constructs. Multiple regression analyses revealed dispositional optimism as a significant predictor of future depressive symptoms even after the effects of time 1 levels of depressive symptoms, negative affect, positive affect, daily hassles, and a hassles x positive affect interaction were controlled. Much of this work has treated dispositional optimism as a continuous, bipolar construct, ranging from high levels of pessimism to high levels of optimism. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries Funder, David C. ![]() Most research examines dispositional optimism by administering the “Life Orientation Test-Revised”, which assesses a person’s generalized optimistic and pessimistic outcome expectancies. This definition makes dispositional optimism different from other, related concepts that address outcome expectancies of specific, situational transactions and behaviors or infer optimism through an individual’s interpretation of negative life events. Unlike their pessimistic counterparts, optimists tend to approach the world expecting positive, as opposed to negative, outcomes to occur in their future, across different life domains. Implications of these for the personality dimensions of positive versus negative affectivity are also discussed.Dispositional optimism is a personality construct that reflects individual differences in generalized expectations about future outcomes. These findings suggested a multidimensional view of the test and that the positive subscale may be sufficient to measure optimism validly. Introduction: Dispositional optimism is a personality trait significantly associated with the use of positive adaptive coping strategies as well as with. Moreover, when scores of the positive rather than the negative subscale were controlled, the significant correlation between scores on the Life Orientation Test and symptom reports was eliminated. Optimism is the tendency to expect positive outcomes and believe good things will happen in life and is a trait that develops early in the lifecourse 6. Introduction to dispositional optimism The personality dimension optimism versus pessimism has roots both in folk wisdom and in over a century of expectancy-incentive motive theories. The negative subscale suggested by previous research as tapping pessimism rather than dispositional optimism showed no significant correlation with symptom levels. Dispositional optimism, hereafter referred to as optimism, is one such trait. Only the complete test and the subscale defined by the positively phrased items predicted symptom levels concurrently as well as prospectively over 3 wk. Dispositional optimism, dened as a stable and generalized tendency, expectation or belief that positive things will happen in life, is considered a personal characteristic of interest in nurses 11. As a trait-like disposition, optimism has received a wealth of research. Prediction of physical symptom reports from scores on the two subscales was then tested with 85 subjects randomly selected from the original sample. Dispositional optimism and pessimism: stability, change, and adaptive recovery. ![]() Consistent with prior findings, factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution with all positively worded items loaded on the first factor and all the negatively worded items loaded on the second. DO is associated with better psychological adjustment to stressors. A self-report measure of dispositional optimism, the Life Orientation Test, was administered to a group of 202 Hong Kong undergraduates. People who are dispositionally optimistic have generally positive expectancies for the future and experience less distress when coping with difficult situations ( Andersson, 1996 ). ![]()
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